如何將Mybatis連接到ClickHouse
最近在做數(shù)據(jù)分析項(xiàng)目,里面有這樣一個(gè)業(yè)務(wù):把匹配的數(shù)據(jù)打上標(biāo)簽,放到新的索引中。
數(shù)據(jù)量:累計(jì)億級(jí)的數(shù)據(jù)
使用場(chǎng)景:可能會(huì)單次查詢大量的數(shù)據(jù),但不會(huì)設(shè)置復(fù)雜的條件,且這些數(shù)據(jù)不會(huì)被再次修改
原來(lái)使用的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù):ElasticSearch
問(wèn)題:上面也說(shuō)了我這里打上標(biāo)記后,這些數(shù)據(jù)幾乎不會(huì)再修改了。ES 是一個(gè)全文檢索引擎,更適用于進(jìn)行大量文本檢索的情況。這里與我上面的使用場(chǎng)景就不太匹配了。
技術(shù)選型的考慮:改用戰(zhàn)斗民族開(kāi)發(fā)的 ClickHouse,它適用于 OLAP 也就是數(shù)據(jù)分析的場(chǎng)景,當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)寫(xiě)入后,通過(guò)不同維度不斷挖掘、分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的商業(yè)價(jià)值。ClickHouse 適用于讀遠(yuǎn)大于寫(xiě)的情況。
此外,相比ES,ClickHouse 占用的硬盤(pán)空間更小,也有利于降低運(yùn)維成本。
下面是我在嘗試接入 ClickHouse 時(shí)的一些實(shí)踐,以及關(guān)于 ClickHouse數(shù)組類型轉(zhuǎn)換問(wèn)題的解決方案。
關(guān)于 ClickHouse 更詳細(xì)的知識(shí)參考:https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/98135840
示例代碼已經(jīng)上傳到了 Git,目前更新第 28 節(jié):https://github.com/laolunsi/spring-boot-examples/
Mybatis + ClickHouse以前一直用 Mybatis 去操作 MySQL,其實(shí) Mybatis 還可以操作 ClickHouse,這里用 Druid 進(jìn)行連接管理。
maven 配置
<dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid</artifactId> <version>1.2.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ru.yandex.clickhouse</groupId> <artifactId>clickhouse-jdbc</artifactId> <version>0.2.6</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>2.1.3</version> </dependency>
配置文件:
spring: datasource: type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource # 注意這里是自定義的配置,通過(guò) JdbcParamConfig 來(lái)加載配置到 Spring 中 # 然后由 DruidConfig 來(lái)配置數(shù)據(jù)源 click: driverClassName: ru.yandex.clickhouse.ClickHouseDriver url: jdbc:clickhouse://127.0.0.1:8123/test # ip:port/database userName: default password: default # 按照自己連接的 clickhouse 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)來(lái) initialSize: 10 maxActive: 100 minIdle: 10 maxWait: 6000 validationQuery: SELECT 1
加載配置項(xiàng)的類:
@Component@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = 'spring.datasource.click')public class JdbcParamConfig { private String userName; private String password; private String driverClassName ; private String url ; private Integer initialSize ; private Integer maxActive ; private Integer minIdle ; private Integer maxWait ; private String validationQuery; // ignore getters and setters}
配置 Druid:
@Configuration@MapperScan(basePackages = { 'com.aegis.analysis.clickhousestorage.dao'})public class DruidConfig { @Resource private JdbcParamConfig jdbcParamConfig ; @Bean(name = 'clickDataSource') public DataSource dataSource() throws ClassNotFoundException { Class classes = Class.forName('com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource'); DruidDataSource dataSource = (DruidDataSource) DataSourceBuilder.create().driverClassName(jdbcParamConfig.getDriverClassName()).type(classes).url(jdbcParamConfig.getUrl()).username(jdbcParamConfig.getUserName()).password(jdbcParamConfig.getPassword()).build(); dataSource.setMaxWait(jdbcParamConfig.getMaxWait()); dataSource.setValidationQuery(jdbcParamConfig.getValidationQuery()); return dataSource; } @Bean public SqlSessionFactory clickHouseSqlSessionFactoryBean() throws Exception { SqlSessionFactoryBean factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBean(); factory.setDataSource(dataSource()); // 實(shí)體 model的 路徑 比如 com.order.model factory.setTypeAliasesPackage('com.example.clickhousedemo.model'); //添加X(jué)ML目錄 ResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver(); factory.setMapperLocations(resolver.getResources('classpath:mapper/*.xml')); //開(kāi)啟駝峰命名轉(zhuǎn)換 factory.getObject().getConfiguration().setMapUnderscoreToCamelCase(true); return factory.getObject(); }}
定義一個(gè) UserInfo 類,建表語(yǔ)句如下:
CREATE TABLE test.user ( `id` Int16, `name` String, `score` Float32, `score2` Float64, `state` Int8, `createTime` DateTime, `ranks` Array(UInt8) ) ENGINE = MergeTree() ORDER BY id;
實(shí)體類:
public class UserInfo { private Integer id; // int16 private String name; // String private Float score; // float16 private Double score2; // float32 private Boolean state; // int8 private Date createTime; // datetime private Integer[] ranks; // Array - Array 類型需要進(jìn)行類型轉(zhuǎn)換 // 具體轉(zhuǎn)換方法與配置參考 ClickArrayToIntHandler 類與 UserMapper.xml 中關(guān)于查詢和插入時(shí) ranks 字段的配置 // ignore getters and setters}
DAO 和 Mapper 文件就按照連接 MYSQL 時(shí)的寫(xiě)法一樣。
這里有個(gè)需要注意的點(diǎn),ClickHouse 有個(gè) Array 類型,可以用來(lái)存數(shù)組,就像 ES 一樣。問(wèn)題是類型轉(zhuǎn)換需要自己定義。網(wǎng)上一些資料僅列出了基本類型的場(chǎng)景,我自己實(shí)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)換器,可以參考一下:
/** * Java Int 數(shù)組與 ClockHouse Array Int 轉(zhuǎn)換器 * @version 1.0 * @since 2019/11/14 9:59 */public class ClickArrayToIntHandler extends BaseTypeHandler<Integer[]> { @Override public void setNonNullParameter(PreparedStatement preparedStatement, int i, Integer[] integers, JdbcType jdbcType) throws SQLException { preparedStatement.setObject(i, integers); } @Override public Integer[] getNullableResult(ResultSet resultSet, String s) throws SQLException { Object obj = resultSet.getObject(s); return parseClickHouseArrayToInt(obj); } @Override public Integer[] getNullableResult(ResultSet resultSet, int i) throws SQLException { Object obj = resultSet.getObject(i); return parseClickHouseArrayToInt(obj); } @Override public Integer[] getNullableResult(CallableStatement callableStatement, int i) throws SQLException { Object obj = callableStatement.getObject(i); return parseClickHouseArrayToInt(obj); } private Integer[] parseClickHouseArrayToInt(Object obj) { if (obj instanceof ClickHouseArray) { int[] res = new int[0]; try {res = (int[]) ((ClickHouseArray) obj).getArray(); } catch (SQLException ex) {ex.printStackTrace(); } if (res != null && res.length > 0) {Integer[] resI = new Integer[res.length];for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) { resI[i] = res[i];}return resI; } } return new Integer[0]; }}
DAO.xml 也給一個(gè)示例:
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC '-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN' 'http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd'><mapper namespace='com.aegis.analysis.clickhousestorage.dao.UserInfoMapper'> <resultMap type='com.example.clickhousedemo.model.UserInfo'> <id column='id' property='id' /> <result column='name' property='name' /> <result column='name' property='name' /> <result column='score' property='score' /> <result column='score2' property='score2' /> <result column='state' property='state' /> <result column='createTime' property='createTime' /> <!-- <result column='ranks' property='ranks' jdbcType='JAVA_OBJECT' javaType='java.lang.Object' />--> <result column='ranks' property='ranks' typeHandler='com.example.clickhousedemo.dao.ClickArrayToIntHandler' /> </resultMap> <sql id='Base_Column_List'> * </sql> <insert parameterType='com.aegis.analysis.clickhousestorage.model.UserInfo' > INSERT INTO user (id,name, score, score2, state, createTime, ranks) VALUES (#{id},#{name}, #{score}, #{score2}, #{state}, #{createTime}, #{ranks, jdbcType=ARRAY, typeHandler=com.example.clickhousedemo.dao.ClickArrayToIntHandler}) </insert> <select resultMap='BaseResultMap'> select <include refid='Base_Column_List' /> from user where id = #{id} limit 1 </select> <select resultMap='BaseResultMap' > select <include refid='Base_Column_List' /> from user </select></mapper>
具體代碼可以去我的 Git 倉(cāng)庫(kù)里查看,還有 SpringBoot 整合其他中間件技術(shù)的示例,歡迎 Star!
https://github.com/laolunsi/spring-boot-examples
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