一、原理分析

前臺的登錄請求發送到后端后會由spring security進行攔截，即controller層由框架自己提供。這樣用戶名和密碼的認證就需要在service層完成,所以框架需要在service層獲取到我們自己的數據庫賬號信息。

spring security 提供了一個接口 UserDetailsService 來讓用戶提供賬號和密碼,其內容如下

public interface UserDetailsService { UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException;}

用戶實現這個接口中的loadUserByUsername方法，通過數據庫中查詢的賬號和密碼構造一個UserDetails對象返回給spring security，然后框架自己完成認證操作。

其中UserDetails也是一個接口，spring security用它來封裝當前進行認證的用戶信息

public interface UserDetails extends Serializable { Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities(); String getPassword(); String getUsername(); boolean isAccountNonExpired(); boolean isAccountNonLocked(); boolean isCredentialsNonExpired(); boolean isEnabled();}

spring security 自己提供了一個實現類我們可以直接使用,以下是User中的部分代碼

public class User implements UserDetails, CredentialsContainer {private String password;private final String username;private final Set<GrantedAuthority> authorities;private final boolean accountNonExpired; //帳戶是否過期private final boolean accountNonLocked; //帳戶是否鎖定private final boolean credentialsNonExpired; //認證是否過期private final boolean enabled; //帳戶是否可用｝

所以，使用數據庫完成認證的關鍵就是實現UserDetailsService接口，并在loadUserByUsername方法中封裝一個框架需要的UserDetails對象，即User對象返回給框架，由框架完成后續的認證操作。

同時需要在spring security的配置文件中指定要用來認證的userService 的bean

二、代碼實現

1.新建一個javaWeb工程

新建一個javaweb工程,導入相關依賴,pom文件的內容如下

pom文件

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><project xmlns='http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xsi:schemaLocation='http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd'> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.lyy</groupId> <artifactId>spring_security_1</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <name>spring_security_1 Maven Webapp</name> <!-- FIXME change it to the project’s website --> <url>http://www.example.com</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version> <slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version> <log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version> <mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version> <mybatis.version>3.4.5</mybatis.version> <spring.security.version>5.0.1.RELEASE</spring.security.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId> <version>1.6.8</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>jstl</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <!-- log start --> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>${log4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- log end --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>${mysql.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>${mybatis.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> <version>1.3.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>c3p0</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>0.9.1.2</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId> <artifactId>pagehelper</artifactId> <version>5.1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> <artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.security.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId> <version>${spring.security.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> <artifactId>spring-security-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.security.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> <artifactId>spring-security-taglibs</artifactId> <version>${spring.security.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.annotation</groupId> <artifactId>jsr250-api</artifactId> <version>1.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.9.7</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId> <version>2.9.7</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>1.16.16</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.1</version> <configuration><port>80</port><path>/</path><uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding><server>tomcat7</server> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build></project>

在web.xml中配置spring security的過濾器

web.xml

<web-app xmlns='http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xsi:schemaLocation='http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd' version='3.0'> <display-name>spring security 01</display-name> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring-security.xml,classpath*:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- 配置監聽器 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <filter> <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- 解決中文亂碼過濾器 --> <filter> <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list></web-app>

整合spring和mybatis,spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml

spring配置文件

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><beans xmlns='http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xmlns:context='http://www.springframework.org/schema/context' xmlns:aop='http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop' xmlns:tx='http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx' xsi:schemaLocation='http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd'> <!-- 開啟注解掃描，管理service和dao --> <context:component-scan base-package='com.lyy.service'> </context:component-scan> <context:component-scan base-package='com.lyy.dao'> </context:component-scan> <context:property-placeholder location='classpath:db.properties'/> <!-- 配置連接池 --> <bean class='com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource'> <property name='driverClass' value='${jdbc.driver}'/> <property name='jdbcUrl' value='${jdbc.url}'/> <property name='user' value='${jdbc.username}'/> <property name='password' value='${jdbc.password}'/> </bean> <!--配置SqlSessionFactory工廠--> <bean class='org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean'> <property name='dataSource' ref='dataSource' /> <property name='typeAliasesPackage' value='com.lyy.domain'/> </bean> <!--配置Dao接口所在包--> <bean class='org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer'> <property name='basePackage' value='com.lyy.dao'/> </bean> <!-- 配置Spring的聲明式事務管理 --> <!-- 配置事務管理器 --> <bean class='org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager'> <property name='dataSource' ref='dataSource'/> </bean> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager='transactionManager'/></beans>

spring security配置文件

spring security的配置文件的內容,spring-security.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><beans xmlns='http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans' xmlns:security='http://www.springframework.org/schema/security' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xsi:schemaLocation='http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/security http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security.xsd'> <!--spring-security的入門配置--> <!--配置哪些資源不會被攔截 /xxx表示根路徑下的某個資源--> <security:http security='none' pattern='/login.html'/> <security:http security='none' pattern='/failed.html'/> <security:http auto-config='true' use-expressions='false'> <!-- 配置鏈接地址，表示任意路徑都需要ROLE_USER權限,這里可以配置 一個逗號隔開的角色列表--> <security:intercept-url pattern='/**' access='ROLE_USER'/> <!--自定義登錄頁面--> <security:form-login login-page='/login.html' login-processing-url='/login' username-parameter='username' password-parameter='password' authentication-failure-forward-url='/failed.html' default-target-url='/index.html' /> <!--關閉csrf,默認是開啟的--> <security:csrf disabled='true'/> <!-- 退出 --> <security:logout invalidate-session='true' logout-url='/logout.do' logout-success-url='/login.html' /> </security:http> <security:authentication-manager> <!--配置使用給定的userservice完成認證--> <security:authentication-provider user-service-ref='userService'> </security:authentication-provider> </security:authentication-manager></beans>

在這個配置文件中要注意的是配置用來認證的userService Bean

<!--配置使用給定的userservice完成認證--><security:authentication-provider user-service-ref='userService'>

創建登錄頁面和登錄失敗的頁面login.html,failed.html

2.用戶認證的實現

新建一個IUserService接口繼承UserDetailsService

package com.lyy.service;import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;public interface IUserService extends UserDetailsService {}

實現類如下

@Service('userService')public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService { @Autowired private IUserDao userDao; public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException { UserInfo userInfo = userDao.findByUsername(username); User user=new User(userInfo.getUsername(),'{noop}'+userInfo.getPassword(),getRoles()); return user; } /*給用戶賦值角色信息*/ private List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> getRoles(){ List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> list=new ArrayList<SimpleGrantedAuthority>(); list.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority('ROLE_USER')); list.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority('ROLE_ADMIN')); return list; }}

其中在loadUserByUsername方法中完成查詢數據庫信息，封裝成框架需要的用戶信息。

注意 :

UserInfo是封裝數據庫用戶信息的實體類

getRoles用來給用戶賦角色信息，spring security認證時用戶必須有角色信息，角色信息可以從數據庫中查詢，在這里直接在代理中寫固定值來示意。

用戶密碼中拼接的'{noop}'字符串是因為我們沒有對密碼進行加密，所以要告訴框架認證密碼時不需要加密。

3.測試

啟動工程，訪問localhost,會跳轉到登錄頁面，輸入數據庫中存在的賬戶和密碼就會登錄成功并跳轉到首頁index.html

三、總結

使用數據庫完成認證的關鍵就是實現UserDetailsService接口，并在loadUserByUsername方法中封裝一個框架需要的UserDetails對象，即User對象返回給框架，由框架完成后續的認證操作。

同時需要在spring security的配置文件中指定要用來認證的userService 的bean，即實現了loadUserByUsername方法的userService

如果需要查看示例工程的具體代碼，可以點擊下方的鏈接在碼云上查看

示例工程地址

以上就是本文的全部內容，希望對大家的學習有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持好吧啦網。