Entity Framework使用DBContext實(shí)現(xiàn)增刪改查
有一段時(shí)間沒(méi)有更新博客了,趕上今天外面下雨,而且沒(méi)人約球,打算把最近對(duì)Entity Framework DBContext使用的心得梳理一下,早些時(shí)候在網(wǎng)上簡(jiǎn)單查過(guò),對(duì)于最新版本的EF并沒(méi)有類似的知識(shí)梳理類文章,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
1. 不要Code first, 也不要DB first
我為什么討厭Code first和DB first呢?首先Code first是先寫代碼,數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)完全由代碼生成,開發(fā)階段尚可,一旦到了產(chǎn)品發(fā)布階段,如果需要添加字段,我們總不能用 visual studio去生產(chǎn)環(huán)境上去更新數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)吧,聽起來(lái)就很可怕。而且另外的一個(gè)問(wèn)題自動(dòng)是生成的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)腳本也不可控,還不如自己提前設(shè)計(jì)好。DB first也好不了哪去,反向轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)來(lái)的代碼包含很多沒(méi)有用的文件,而且數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的更新還要重新走M(jìn)odel生成過(guò)程,簡(jiǎn)直無(wú)法理解為什么會(huì)有這樣的設(shè)計(jì)。說(shuō)了這么多,怎么解決呢?
數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和領(lǐng)域模型分開設(shè)計(jì),按照對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系映射字段,使用自定義鏈接字串,既不使用領(lǐng)域模型生成數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),也不用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)生成領(lǐng)域模型,示例代碼如下,SQL Code 以 Destinations和TTable表為例:
CREATE TABLE [DBO].[Destinations] ( [DestinationId] [int] PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, [Name] [nvarchar](max) NULL, [Country] [nvarchar](max) NULL, [Description] [nvarchar](max) NULL, [Photo] [varbinary](max) NULL
CREATE TABLE [TTT].[TTable] ( [Id] [int] PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, [Name] [nvarchar](max) NULL )
Model Class:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace Model { public class Destination { public int DestinationId { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public string Country { get; set; } public string Description { get; set; } public byte[] Photo { get; set; } public List<Lodging> Lodgings { get; set; } } public class Lodging { public int LodgingId { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public string Owner { get; set; } public bool IsResort { get; set; } public Destination Destination { get; set; } } public class TTable { public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } } }
Connect String:
<connectionStrings> <add name="BAContext" connectionString="Data Source=(LocalDb)\MSSQLLocalDB;Initial Catalog=DataAccess.BreakAwayContext;Integrated Security=SSPI;" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" /> </connectionStrings>
DB Context:
using System.Data.Entity; using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration; using Model; namespace DataAccess { public class TTableConfiguration : EntityTypeConfiguration<TTable> { public TTableConfiguration() { this.ToTable("TTable", "TTT"); } } public class BreakAwayContext : DbContext { protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder) { modelBuilder.Configurations.Add(new TTableConfiguration()); } public BreakAwayContext(string connString) : base(connString) { } public DbSet<Destination> Destinations { get; set; } public DbSet<Lodging> Lodgings { get; set; } public DbSet<TTable> TTables { get; set; } } }
2. 如果數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的表的字段和領(lǐng)域模型的字段不對(duì)應(yīng),如何處理呢?比如本文的TTable表是在TTT Schema下面的, 而其他表示設(shè)計(jì)在DBO下面,最方便的方式是使用fluent API, 具體代碼如請(qǐng)參見 TTableConfiguration Class和 OnModelCreating()方法,可配置的粒度非常細(xì),比如可以配置領(lǐng)域模型和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的哪個(gè)Schema的哪張表的哪一列對(duì)應(yīng),本文是將TTable 類的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表配置為了TTT Schema下的TTable表,
public class TTableConfiguration : EntityTypeConfiguration<TTable> { public TTableConfiguration() { this.ToTable("TTable", "TTT"); } }
3. 增刪該查自帶事物支持,具體代碼如下,
public static int Insert() { var destination = new Destination { Country = "Chs", Description = "Chs is the language package", Name = "xsss" }; using (var context = new BreakAwayContext(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["BAContext"].ConnectionString)) { var rt = context.Destinations.Add(destination); context.SaveChanges(); return rt.DestinationId; } } public static void Update(Destination destIn) { using (var context = new BreakAwayContext(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["BAContext"].ConnectionString)) { var dest = context.Destinations.Where(a => a.DestinationId == destIn.DestinationId).Single(); dest.Name = destIn.Name; context.SaveChanges(); } } public static void Delete(int destId) { using (var context = new BreakAwayContext(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["BAContext"].ConnectionString)) { var destination = new Destination() { DestinationId = destId }; context.Destinations.Attach(destination); context.Destinations.Remove(destination); context.SaveChanges(); } } public static Destination Query(int destId) { using (var context = new BreakAwayContext(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["BAContext"].ConnectionString)) { IQueryable<Destination> dest = context.Destinations.Where(a => a.DestinationId == destId); return dest.Single(); } }
4. 如果需要多個(gè)操作同時(shí)成功或者失敗,需要手動(dòng)開啟事務(wù),具體代碼如下,
public static void TransactionOps() { using (var context = new BreakAwayContext(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["BAContext"].ConnectionString)) { using (var dbContextTransaction = context.Database.BeginTransaction()) { try { var destination = new Destination { Country = "Chs", Description = "Chs is the language package", Name = "xs2s" }; var destId = context.Destinations.Add(destination); context.SaveChanges(); context.Destinations.Attach(destId); context.Destinations.Remove(destId); context.SaveChanges(); dbContextTransaction.Commit(); } catch (System.Exception ex) { dbContextTransaction.Rollback(); System.Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString()); } } } }
5. 分頁(yè)查詢是網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)的常用功能,一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的真分頁(yè)查詢方法如下如下所示,
public static List<Destination> QueryPaging<TKey>(int pageIndex, int pageSize, Expression<Func<Destination, bool>> whereLambda, Expression<Func<Destination, TKey>> orderBy) { using (var context = new BreakAwayContext(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["BAContext"].ConnectionString)) { return context.Destinations.Where(whereLambda).OrderBy(orderBy).Skip((pageIndex - 1) * pageSize).Take(pageSize).ToList(); } }
總結(jié)
本文對(duì)最新版本的Entity Framework進(jìn)行增刪改查操作給出了詳盡的解釋,并且給出了數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和領(lǐng)域模型代碼分開設(shè)計(jì)的完整解決方案,同時(shí)介紹了手動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表和領(lǐng)域模型映射,數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)事務(wù)實(shí)現(xiàn),分頁(yè)查詢等常用功能,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
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