Python requests HTTP驗(yàn)證登錄實(shí)現(xiàn)流程
1、場景
1）用戶輸入完網(wǎng)址后，瀏覽器直接彈出需要輸入用戶名/密碼
PS：此時輸入用戶名密碼即可登錄，或者直接帶著用戶名密碼訪問網(wǎng)站。
假設(shè)url為http://xxx.yyy.zzz
用戶名為admin
密碼為123456
則訪問的網(wǎng)址應(yīng)該為http://admin:[email protected]【http://username:password@url】
直接訪問改網(wǎng)址即可
2）利用requests.get(url)返回狀態(tài)碼為401
# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-import requestsif __name__ == ’__main__’: url = ’http://xxxxx.yyyyyy’ response = requests.get(url=url) status_code = response.status_code print status_code text = response.text print text
運(yùn)行
401<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN' 'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd'><html xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'><head><meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html; charset=iso-8859-1'/><title>401 - Unauthorized: Access is denied due to invalid credentials.</title><style type='text/css'><!--body{margin:0;font-size:.7em;font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;background:#EEEEEE;}fieldset{padding:0 15px 10px 15px;} h1{font-size:2.4em;margin:0;color:#FFF;}h2{font-size:1.7em;margin:0;color:#CC0000;} h3{font-size:1.2em;margin:10px 0 0 0;color:#000000;} #header{width:96%;margin:0 0 0 0;padding:6px 2% 6px 2%;font-family:'trebuchet MS', Verdana, sans-serif;color:#FFF;background-color:#555555;}#content{margin:0 0 0 2%;position:relative;}.content-container{background:#FFF;width:96%;margin-top:8px;padding:10px;position:relative;}--></style></head><body><div id='header'><h1>Server Error</h1></div><div id='content'> <div class='content-container'><fieldset> <h2>401 - Unauthorized: Access is denied due to invalid credentials.</h2> <h3>You do not have permission to view this directory or page using the credentials that you supplied.</h3> </fieldset></div></div></body></html>
2、HTTP基礎(chǔ)驗(yàn)證
這是一種簡單的身份認(rèn)證，它是通過http的authorization請求頭中，攜帶經(jīng)過base64加密的用戶名和密碼而實(shí)現(xiàn)的一種認(rèn)證
# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-import requestsfrom requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuthif __name__ == ’__main__’: url = ’http://xxx.yyy.zzz’ user = ’admin’ password = ’123456’ response = requests.get(url=url, auth=HTTPBasicAuth(user, password)) # 或者 # response = requests.get(url=url, auth=(user, password)) print response.status_code
3、摘要式身份認(rèn)證
# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-import requestsfrom requests.auth import HTTPDigestAuthif __name__ == ’__main__’: url = ’http://xxx.yyy.zzz’ user = ’admin’ password = ’123456’ response = requests.get(url, auth=HTTPDigestAuth(user, password)) print response.status_code
如果2和3都不行，還是返回401，此時可以試試第4種
使用2和3依舊返回401,此時可以print出response.headers看一下
# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-import requestsfrom requests.auth import HTTPDigestAuthif __name__ == ’__main__’: url = ’http://xxx.yyy.zzz’ user = ’admin’ password = ’123456’ response = requests.get(url, auth=HTTPDigestAuth(user, password)) print response.status_code print response.headers
運(yùn)行
401{’Content-Length’: ’1293’, ’X-Powered-By’: ’ASP.NET’, ’Server’: ’Microsoft-IIS/7.5’, ’Date’: ’Fri, 05 Jun 2020 05:36:23 GMT’, ’Content-Type’: ’text/html’, ’WWW-Authenticate’: ’Negotiate, NTLM’}
打印后可看到headers中帶有字樣’WWW-Authenticate’: ’Negotiate, NTLM’，表示需要ntlm驗(yàn)證，此時嘗試使用第4種[/code]
4、ntlm驗(yàn)證
# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-import requestsfrom requests_ntlm import HttpNtlmAuthif __name__ == ’__main__’: url = ’http://xxx.yyy.zzz’ user = ’admin’ password = ’123456’ response = requests.get(url, auth=HttpNtlmAuth(user, password)) print response.status_code print response.headers
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